Dosage compensation for the birds
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Dosage compensation in birds
The Z and W sex chromosomes of birds have evolved independently from the mammalian X and Y chromosomes [1]. Unlike mammals, female birds are heterogametic (ZW), while males are homogametic (ZZ). Therefore male birds, like female mammals, carry a double dose of sex-linked genes relative to the other sex. Other animals with nonhomologous sex chromosomes possess "dosage compensation" systems to eq...
متن کاملDosage compensation is less effective in birds than in mammals
BACKGROUND In animals with heteromorphic sex chromosomes, dosage compensation of sex-chromosome genes is thought to be critical for species survival. Diverse molecular mechanisms have evolved to effectively balance the expressed dose of X-linked genes between XX and XY animals, and to balance expression of X and autosomal genes. Dosage compensation is not understood in birds, in which females (...
متن کاملX-Chromosome dosage compensation.
In mammals, flies, and worms, sex is determined by distinctive regulatory mechanisms that cause males (XO or XY) and females (XX) to differ in their dose of X chromosomes. In each species, an essential X chromosome-wide process called dosage compensation ensures that somatic cells of either sex express equal levels of X-linked gene products. The strategies used to achieve dosage compensation ar...
متن کاملDosage compensation in mammals.
Many organisms show major chromosomal differences between sexes. In mammals, females have two copies of a large, gene-rich chromosome, the X, whereas males have one X and a small, gene-poor Y. The imbalance in expression of several hundred genes is lethal if not dealt with by dosage compensation. The male-female difference is addressed by silencing of genes on one female X early in development....
متن کاملX-Chromosome Dosage Compensation
The X and Y chromosomes of placental and marsupial mammals originated from a pair of autosomes. Ohno hypothesised nearly 50 years ago that the expression levels of X-linked genes should be doubled to compensate for the degeneration of their Y-linked homologues during sex chromosome evolution. The advent of microarray and RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing technologies in the past decade prompted...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Heredity
سال: 2009
ISSN: 0018-067X,1365-2540
DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.134